Abstract: Carbon flux components of terrestrial ecosystem including gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem productivity, serve as the most important direct ecosystem indices for measuring material production, carbon sequestration and climate regulation. Based on systematically collected carbon flux components data measured by eddy covariance technique during the period of 1990–2015 in Asian region (excluding China region), we constructed the dataset of terrestrial ecosystems carbon flux component in Asian region through data quality control. The dataset contained multi-years’ annual records of gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem productivity from 45 typical terrestrial ecosystems in Asia, covered seven climate zones including tropical, subtropical, warm temperate, temperate, cool temperate, boreal and subarctic and four ecosystem types including forest, grassland, cropland and wetland. In addition, the meteorological and vegetation information, such as the latitude, longitude, altitude, vegetation type, mean annual temperature and annual total precipitation were compiled. This dataset is expected to provide important data supporting for carbon sequestration assessment of Asian regional ecosystems, studies on response of carbon cycling processes to global change, and the optimization and validation of regional carbon cycle models.