Abstract: Located in Sichuan Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shiqu County has the highest incidence of echinococcosis in China, where half of the households suffer from echinococcosis. Because of its high infection rate and high mortality rate, echinococcosis is called "bug cancer" by people in Tibetan areas. The prevention and treatment of echinococcosis is paralleled to poverty alleviation among the local government’s major two priorities. Rodent is said to be one of infection vectors, so we have done some investigation about local rodent. We selected towns with high incidences of echinococcosis in Shiqu County in 2016 – 2018. We trapped rodents on the grassland within 3 km centering the town. We then dissected them, recorded the reproduction status, and sampled the diseased organ. In addition, rodent control was carried out over a large area in Shiqu, the resultant dead bodies were collected, and the echinococcosis was observed and dissected for its infection capability. This dataset contains more than 10,000 pieces of information on the reproduction and disease infection of 853 plateau pika and Qinghai vole in Shiqu County. This dataset is conducive to exploring the transmission mechanism of echinococcosis, providing data support for the prevention and treatment of echinococcosis, and it also has a positive effect on the monitoring and prevention of plateau rodents.