Abstract: Species composition plays an important role in the nutrient circulation, forest productivity formation, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation and ecological function maintenance of forest ecosystems. It is an important indicator of the long-term terrestrial ecosystem observation of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and National Ecosystem Research Network of China (CNERN). Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF) is a climax vegetation type in the subtropics of China, which is sensitive to environment change. According to CERN and CNERN monitoring specifications, Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station conducted seven investigations on the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest plot during 1992 and 2015, which recorded the species composition of woody plants with a diameter of ≥1 cm. The data comprised species name, abundance, biomass and importance value of the plot. This MEBF species composition database provides critical data for in-depth studies of forest species composition, structure and function under environment change, supporting forest management and ecosystem service evaluation in this region.